自從上一次冰河時期以來，地球上的森林覆蓋區(qū)域已顯著縮減，累計減少了驚人的2000萬平方公里，相當于20億英畝的廣袤土地。農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)化的快速擴張是這一變化的主要驅(qū)動力，尤其值得注意的是，其中一半的森林損失發(fā)生在20世紀初的1900年之后。如今，全球森林面積約為4000萬平方公里，大約占據(jù)地球表面的30%，然而這一分布并不均勻。為了更直觀地了解全球森林的分布狀況，我們特別以平方公里為單位，通過視覺化的圖表展示了森林面積排名前15的國家。這些數(shù)據(jù)均來源于世界銀行，并且最近一次更新日期為2023年10月。

　　Since the last ice age, the forest coverage on Earth has significantly decreased, with a cumulative reduction of an astonishing 20 million square kilometers, equivalent to 2 billion acres of vast land. The rapid expansion of agriculture and industrialization is the main driving force behind this change, and it is particularly noteworthy that half of the forest loss occurred after 1900 in the early 20th century. Nowadays, the global forest area is about 40 million square kilometers, occupying approximately 30% of the Earth's surface, but this distribution is not uniform. In order to gain a more intuitive understanding of the global distribution of forests, we have presented the top 15 countries in terms of forest area in square kilometers through visual charts. These data are all sourced from the World Bank and were last updated in October 2023.

　　不出所料，作為世界面積最大的國家，俄羅斯同樣擁有世界最大面積的森林。其國土近半被茂密的森林所覆蓋，總面積高達約800萬平方公里。令人矚目的是，除了中國、美國、加拿大、巴西和澳大利亞這五大森林資源豐富的國家外，全世界其余所有國家的森林面積總和，都難以企及俄羅斯的龐大森林面積。這一事實凸顯了俄羅斯在全球森林資源中的重要地位，其森林面積占據(jù)了全世界總森林面積的五分之一。

　　As expected, as the largest country in the world, Russia also has the largest forest area in the world. Nearly half of its territory is covered by dense forests, with a total area of approximately 8 million square kilometers. Remarkably, except for the five forest rich countries of China, the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Australia, the total forest area of all other countries in the world is difficult to match Russia's vast forest area. This fact highlights Russia's important position in global forest resources, with its forest area accounting for one-fifth of the world's total forest area.

　　俄羅斯的廣袤森林主要集中在北部，這些被稱為北方森林的區(qū)域，適應著該國寒冷而干燥的氣候。它們由落葉林和針葉林交織而成，其中不乏落葉松、松樹、云杉和橡樹等樹種。而在全球森林面積的排名中，巴西緊隨其后，位列第二。這主要得益于其境內(nèi)的亞馬遜雨林占據(jù)了三分之二的面積，其森林總面積接近500萬平方公里，約占世界森林總面積的12%。值得一提的是，巴西的森林面積幾乎是沙特阿拉伯國土面積的兩倍，而后者作為世界面積第十二大的國家，其國土面積與巴西的森林面積相比也顯得相形見絀。

　　Russia's vast forests are mainly concentrated in the northern regions, known as the Northern Forests, which are adapted to the country's cold and dry climate. They are interwoven from deciduous and coniferous forests, including species such as larch, pine, spruce, and oak. In the ranking of global forest area, Brazil closely follows, ranking second. This is mainly due to the fact that the Amazon rainforest within its territory occupies two-thirds of the area, with a total forest area of nearly 5 million square kilometers, accounting for about 12% of the world's total forest area. It is worth mentioning that Brazil's forest area is almost twice the land area of Saudi Arabia, which, as the world's twelfth largest country by area, pales in comparison to Brazil's forest area.

　　亞馬遜雨林不僅為巴西的森林覆蓋量作出了巨大貢獻，同時也對秘魯（排在第10）、哥倫比亞（排在第13）、玻利維亞（排在第14）和委內(nèi)瑞拉（排在第15）的森林覆蓋量帶來了顯著的貢獻。加拿大和美國的森林覆蓋面積相近，均達到了300萬平方公里，分別位列世界第三和第四。在兩國的東西海岸，許多森林跨越了共同邊界，共同構筑起壯觀的綠色屏障。中國的森林覆蓋面積稍微超過200萬平方公里，排名世界第五。值得一提的是，俄羅斯、巴西、加拿大、美國和中國這五個國家的森林總面積加在一起，已經(jīng)超過了世界森林面積的一半。進一步來說，如果我們把森林覆蓋面積前十的國家（再加上澳大利亞、剛果民主共和國、印度尼西亞、印度和秘魯）的森林面積相加，其總和會略高于世界森林覆蓋率的三分之二。而當我們把排名擴大到前20位時，這些國家的森林面積總和則達到了全球森林總面積的80%。

　　The Amazon rainforest has not only made significant contributions to the forest coverage of Brazil, but also to the forest coverage of Peru (ranked 10th), Colombia (ranked 13th), Bolivia (ranked 14th), and Venezuela (ranked 15th). Canada and the United States have similar forest coverage areas, both reaching 3 million square kilometers, ranking third and fourth in the world, respectively. On the east and west coasts of the two countries, many forests cross the common border and jointly build magnificent green barriers. China's forest coverage area slightly exceeds 2 million square kilometers, ranking fifth in the world. It is worth mentioning that the total forest area of Russia, Brazil, Canada, the United States, and China combined has exceeded half of the world's forest area. Furthermore, if we add up the forest areas of the top ten countries in terms of forest coverage (plus Australia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Indonesia, India, and Peru), the total would be slightly higher than two-thirds of the world's forest coverage. And when we expand the ranking to the top 20, the total forest area of these countries reaches 80% of the global forest area.

　　天然林與人工林之間存在著顯著的差異。原始森林，作為未受到人類活動干擾的森林，相比人工林，擁有更強的碳匯能力和更豐富的生物多樣性。以下表格列出了世界各國的天然林（包括原始森林和自然再生林）與人工林的比例。自然再生林是指那些曾經(jīng)受到人類活動影響，但現(xiàn)在正在逐漸恢復到自然狀態(tài)的森林。

　　There are significant differences between natural forests and artificial forests. Primitive forests, as undisturbed by human activities, have stronger carbon sequestration capacity and richer biodiversity compared to artificial forests. The following table lists the ratio of natural forests (including primary forests and naturally regenerated forests) to artificial forests in various countries around the world. Natural regeneration forests refer to forests that were once affected by human activities but are gradually recovering to their natural state.

　　在巴林和科威特等極度干旱的國家，無法形成天然林，所有的森林都是人工林。但是，即使在歐洲的大部分地區(qū)，人工林的面積也大大超過了原始林和自然再生林。這表明在過去的三個世紀里，歐洲大陸出現(xiàn)過大量的毀林現(xiàn)象，現(xiàn)在這種現(xiàn)象正在逐步得到扭轉(zhuǎn)。在過去的30年，中國增加的森林面積達到了挪威的國土面積，接近40%的中國森林為人工林。專家說，優(yōu)先考慮的問題應該是扭轉(zhuǎn)森林退化和保護原始森林，而不僅僅是種植新的森林。原始森林儲存著大量的碳，一旦被砍伐，這些碳就會釋放到大氣之中。

　　In extremely arid countries such as Bahrain and Kuwait, natural forests cannot be formed, and all forests are artificial forests. However, even in most parts of Europe, the area of artificial forests greatly exceeds that of primary forests and naturally regenerated forests. This indicates that there has been a significant amount of deforestation on the European continent over the past three centuries, and now this phenomenon is gradually being reversed. In the past 30 years, China has increased its forest area to the size of Norway, with nearly 40% of China's forests being artificial forests. Experts say that the priority should be to reverse forest degradation and protect primary forests, rather than just planting new forests. Primitive forests store a large amount of carbon, which, once cut down, is released into the atmosphere.

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